.a-utility-links{display:flex;gap:24px;align-items:center}.a-portal{font-weight:700;color:var(--orange);border-bottom:1px solid var(--orange)}
.a-dropdown{position:relative}.a-dropdown summary:after{content:' ⌄';color:var(--orange)}.a-dropdown-menu{position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;min-width:230px;padding:12px 18px;background:#101010;border:1px solid #333;z-index:40;box-shadow:0 15px 35px #0008}.a-dropdown-menu a{display:block;padding:9px 0;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.03em}.a-dropdown-menu a:hover{color:var(--orange)}
.a-resource-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}.a-resource-card{border:1px solid #292929;background:#101010;padding:28px}.a-resource-card h3{font-size:25px;margin-bottom:14px}.a-resource-card p{color:#aaa}.a-resource-card a{margin-top:20px}.a-resource-card .eyebrow{font-size:10px;margin-bottom:12px}.a-prose{max-width:850px}.a-prose p,.a-prose li{color:#b7b7b7}.a-prose h2,.a-prose h3{margin:40px 0 20px}.a-prose ul,.a-prose ol{padding-left:24px}.a-prose a{color:var(--orange);text-decoration:underline}.a-prose img{max-width:100%}.a-prose table{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}.a-intro{max-width:760px;margin-bottom:36px}.a-intro p{color:#aaa;margin-top:18px}.a-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:50px}.a-list{columns:2;column-gap:35px;padding-left:20px;color:#b7b7b7}.a-list li{break-inside:avoid;margin-bottom:10px}.a-details{border-top:1px solid #333;padding:22px 0}.a-details summary{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:25px;cursor:pointer}.a-details[open] summary{margin-bottom:24px}.a-video{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;background:#151515;border:1px solid #333}.a-video-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:28px}.a-video-card h3{font-size:23px;margin:17px 0 8px}.a-video-card .text-link{margin-top:0}.a-video-feature{margin-top:42px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.2fr 1fr;gap:40px;align-items:center}.a-social{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:22px;border-top:1px solid #292929;margin-top:32px;padding-top:22px}.a-social a{font-size:12px;color:#aaa}.a-social a:hover{color:var(--orange)}.a-search{width:100%;padding:17px 20px;background:#101010;border:1px solid #333;color:#eee;margin-bottom:30px}.a-library-links{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:14px}.a-library-links a{padding:16px 20px;border:1px solid #292929}.a-library-links a:hover{border-color:var(--orange)}.a-notice{border-left:2px solid var(--orange);padding:12px 20px;color:#aaa;margin:25px 0}.a-review-links{display:flex;gap:22px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:28px}.a-education-frame{width:100%;height:650px;border:1px solid #333;background:#101010}.a-bio-photo{width:100%;max-height:640px;object-fit:cover}.a-billing{margin-top:25px}.a-billing a{color:var(--orange)}
@media(max-width:900px){.a-resource-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.a-video-feature,.a-columns{grid-template-columns:1fr}.a-dropdown-menu{position:static;box-shadow:none}.a-education-frame{height:550px}}
@media(max-width:600px){.a-resource-grid,.a-video-grid,.a-library-links{grid-template-columns:1fr}.a-list{columns:1}.a-utility-links{gap:15px;font-size:9px}.a-resource-card{padding:22px}.a-education-frame{height:480px}.a-video-feature{gap:22px}}
.page-hero{padding:90px 0 75px;border-bottom:1px solid #292929}.page-hero h1{font-size:clamp(38px,5vw,68px);max-width:1000px;letter-spacing:-.025em}.page-hero p:not(.eyebrow){color:#aaa;margin-top:24px;max-width:760px}.a-resource-card[hidden]{display:none}.a-utility-links{margin-left:auto}@media(max-width:600px){.page-hero{padding:55px 0 45px}}.review-head-featured{align-items:center;gap:48px;margin-bottom:48px}
.review-head-featured .section-heading{margin-bottom:0;flex:1;min-width:0}
.review-proof{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto auto;align-items:center;gap:10px 35px;flex-shrink:0;border-top:1px solid #7d3c18;padding-top:25px}
.review-score-value{font:400 clamp(34px,3vw,48px)/1.1 Georgia,serif;color:var(--orange);white-space:nowrap}
.rating-star{font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.7em;vertical-align:.06em}
.rating-out-of{font:400 18px/1.4 Arial,sans-serif;color:#aaa}
.review-volume{border-left:1px solid #37332f;padding-left:35px}
.review-volume strong{display:block;font:400 clamp(60px,5.6vw,82px)/.95 Georgia,serif;letter-spacing:-.04em;color:var(--orange)}
.review-metric-label{display:block;font:500 12px/1.5 Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.055em;color:#e5e3df;margin-top:13px}
.review-counting{display:block;margin-top:9px;font:italic 19px/1.4 Georgia,serif;color:var(--orange)}
@media(max-width:1000px){.review-head-featured{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:30px}.review-proof{width:100%;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px 25px}.review-score-value{font-size:42px}.review-volume strong{font-size:72px}}
@media(max-width:480px){.review-proof{gap:10px 16px;padding-top:22px}.review-volume{padding-left:16px}.review-score-value{font-size:33px}.rating-out-of{font-size:15px}.review-volume strong{font-size:64px}.review-metric-label{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.025em}.review-head-featured{margin-bottom:32px}}.a-doctor-name{font-size:clamp(26px,2.8vw,46px);white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:-.035em}.a-training{margin-top:35px;padding-left:24px;border-left:2px solid var(--orange)}.a-training h3{font:600 11px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:25px}.a-training article{position:relative;margin:0 0 25px}.a-training article:before{content:'';position:absolute;width:7px;height:7px;background:var(--orange);left:-28.5px;top:8px;border-radius:50%}.a-training time{color:var(--orange);font-size:13px;font-weight:700}.a-training h4{font:400 18px/1.4 var(--serif);margin:5px 0}.a-training p{font-size:13px;color:#aaa;line-height:1.6}.a-profile-photo{width:100%;max-height:640px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 25%;filter:grayscale(1)}.a-bio-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1.1fr);gap:70px;align-items:start}.a-bio-layout .copy{padding-top:25px}.a-important{color:var(--orange);font-weight:700}.a-resource-photo{margin:32px 0 0}.a-resource-photo img{width:100%;max-height:300px;object-fit:cover;filter:grayscale(1)}
.c-carousel{display:flex;gap:20px;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:#e65c00 #292929;padding-bottom:18px}.c-condition{flex:0 0 calc((100% - 60px)/4);min-width:0;overflow:hidden;scroll-snap-align:start;background:#101010;border:1px solid #292929}.condition-art{height:180px;display:grid;place-items:center;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1a1a1a,#101010)}.condition-art img{width:140px;height:140px;object-fit:contain}.c-condition h3{font-size:20px;text-align:center;padding:20px 10px;line-height:1.3}.c-condition:hover{border-color:var(--orange)}.carousel-controls{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;gap:12px;margin-top:24px}.a-spine-links{display:flex;gap:25px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:20px}.a-spine-note{font-size:12px;color:#aaa;margin-top:18px}.a-photo-pending{min-height:210px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:30px;background:#141414;color:#888;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase;border-bottom:1px solid #292929}.a-step-links{display:flex;gap:28px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:30px}.a-step-links a{font-size:12px;color:#bbb}.a-step-links b{color:var(--orange);margin-right:9px}.a-review-status{padding:8px 12px;border-left:2px solid var(--orange);font-size:12px;color:#aaa;margin-top:20px}
@media(max-width:900px){.a-bio-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:35px}.c-condition{flex-basis:calc((100% - 40px)/3)}.a-doctor-name{font-size:clamp(25px,4.8vw,42px)}}@media(max-width:600px){.c-condition{flex-basis:77%}.a-utility-links{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 14px;padding:8px 0;justify-content:flex-end}.a-doctor-name{font-size:clamp(23px,5.4vw,33px)}.a-step-links{gap:16px}}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.spine-art svg{transform:none!important}}
.spine-scrubber{padding-bottom:38px;overflow:hidden}.spine-scrubber input{top:auto;bottom:0;height:34px}.spine-art{pointer-events:auto}.spine-scrubber>a{display:block}.spine-scrubber>a:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px}.spine-track{bottom:16px}.spine-browser{--spine-progress:0%;--spine-shift:0px;margin:28px 0 6px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid #292929}.spine-browser-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;align-items:center;font:11px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#b7b7b7}.spine-browser-head label{color:#ededed}.spine-browser output{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;color:#ff792d}
.spine-scrubber{position:relative;margin:12px 0 18px;padding-bottom:24px;isolation:isolate}.spine-art{position:relative;width:100%;pointer-events:none}.spine-art svg{display:block;width:100%;height:clamp(86px,12vw,155px);overflow:visible}.spine-segment{stroke:var(--bone-color,#8f8d89);fill:var(--bone-fill,transparent);transition:stroke .18s ease,fill .18s ease}.spine-disc{stroke:#8a431d;fill:none}
.spine-scrubber input{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;cursor:ew-resize;appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;background:transparent;border:0;z-index:2;touch-action:pan-y}.spine-scrubber input::-webkit-slider-runnable-track{height:100%;background:transparent}.spine-scrubber input::-webkit-slider-thumb{-webkit-appearance:none;width:24px;height:100%;background:transparent;border:0}.spine-scrubber input::-moz-range-track{background:transparent;height:100%}.spine-scrubber input::-moz-range-thumb{width:24px;height:100%;background:transparent;border:0}.spine-scrubber input:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #ff9a53;outline-offset:5px;border-radius:4px}
.spine-track{position:absolute;left:12px;right:12px;bottom:9px;height:3px;background:#3b241b;border-radius:3px}.spine-track:before{content:'';position:absolute;left:0;top:0;height:3px;width:var(--spine-progress);background:linear-gradient(90deg,#ffd29c,#ff8c31,#a53d09)}.spine-track i{position:absolute;left:var(--spine-progress);top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);width:20px;height:20px;border-radius:50%;background:#e65c00;border:2px solid #ffd29c;box-shadow:0 0 14px #e65c0040}.spine-browser-help{font-size:12px!important;color:#aaa!important;margin:0!important}
@media(max-width:600px){.spine-browser-head{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.06em}.spine-browser{margin-top:20px}.spine-browser-help{font-size:11px!important}.spine-scrubber{margin-top:12px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto!important}.spine-segment{transition:none}}.site-header .numbers{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:22px}
.site-header .numbers .request{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;border:1px solid #a74812;padding:12px 15px;color:#ed7028;white-space:nowrap;text-decoration:none}
.site-header .numbers span{white-space:nowrap}.site-header .a-portal{color:#ef722a;border-bottom:1px solid #e65c00}
#meet-the-surgeon .a-doctor-name,#meet-the-surgeon .a-doctor-name em{color:#e65c00}
#meet-the-surgeon .split{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:60px}
#meet-the-surgeon .photo-frame{min-height:620px}#meet-the-surgeon .photo-frame img{height:620px;object-fit:cover}
#conditions .section-heading{text-align:center;margin-inline:auto}
.roster-photo{width:100%;height:320px;object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 22%;margin-bottom:24px;filter:grayscale(1)}
.a-profile-photo{max-width:100%;object-fit:cover}.a-training{display:block}.a-training article{break-inside:avoid}
.release-contact .contact-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(240px,.8fr) minmax(0,1.2fr);gap:70px}.release-contact h2{font-size:clamp(36px,4vw,58px)}
.release-contact .form{padding:30px;border:1px solid #303030;background:#101010}.release-contact select{width:100%;padding:14px;color:#eee;background:#101010;border:1px solid #444;font:inherit}
.a-video-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:24px}.a-video-card video{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}.a-video-card h3{font-size:22px;margin-top:16px}
.imaging-motion{overflow:hidden;margin:0}.imaging-motion img{width:100%;max-height:470px;object-fit:cover;animation:imaging-pan 16s ease-in-out infinite alternate}.imaging-motion figcaption{position:relative;background:#050505;padding:16px}
@keyframes imaging-pan{from{transform:scale(1)}to{transform:scale(1.07)}}
.blog-thumb{width:100%;height:190px;object-fit:cover;filter:grayscale(1);margin-bottom:20px}.release-featured{margin-top:40px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.4fr 1fr;column-gap:32px;border:1px solid #303030;padding:24px;background:#101010}.release-featured .blog-thumb{grid-row:1/6;height:100%;min-height:260px;margin:0}.release-featured h2{font-size:36px}.release-featured p{font-size:15px}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.imaging-motion img{animation:none}}
@media(max-width:900px){.site-header .numbers{gap:12px;font-size:11px}#meet-the-surgeon .split{gap:30px}#meet-the-surgeon .photo-frame,#meet-the-surgeon .photo-frame img{min-height:440px;height:440px}.release-contact .contact-layout{gap:30px}}
@media(max-width:640px){.site-header .numbers{justify-content:center}.a-video-grid,#meet-the-surgeon .split,.release-contact .contact-layout,.release-featured{grid-template-columns:1fr}.release-featured .blog-thumb{grid-row:auto}.release-contact .form{padding:18px}#meet-the-surgeon .a-doctor-name{white-space:normal}.a-video-grid{gap:36px}}
@media(max-width:640px){.site-header .brandrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:10px;padding-top:12px;padding-bottom:12px}.site-header .brand{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}.site-header .menu-toggle{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}.site-header .numbers{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:2;display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;gap:8px;font-size:9px}.site-header .numbers .request{font-size:9px;padding:8px;white-space:normal}.site-header .numbers .request span{display:inline}.study-switch{max-width:calc(100vw - 24px);box-sizing:border-box;gap:0}.study-switch a{min-width:28px;padding-inline:8px}}
.spine-browser>.text-link,.spine-browser-help{display:none}
.site-header .numbers>a[href^="tel:"]{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.article-filters{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin:20px 0 30px}.article-filters button{border:1px solid #555;background:transparent;color:#eee;border-radius:30px;padding:10px 16px;font:inherit;cursor:pointer}.article-filters button[aria-pressed="true"]{border-color:#e65c00;color:#ff8c47}.article-filters button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #ff8c47;outline-offset:3px}#article-list article[hidden]{display:none!important}